HPV Vaccine and Cancer Risk

Informed consent is a basic principal of medical practice. It means that patients should be fully informed about the purpose, risks and rewards of the treatment they are receiving.

By risks we mean the possible adverse effects of the treatment, the odds of suffering a particular “side effect,” and the odds that the condition will get worse without treatment. The reward is basically an answer to this question: What are the odds that we will benefit from the treatment compared to the odds of benefiting by using an alternative treatment, or no treatment at all?

Medical decisions involving cancer are very personal and often involve a complex trade-off between risks and rewards. The balance of risk and reward is equally important, perhaps even more so, when it is not a disease that is being treated, but the potential of acquiring a disease, often decades later, as is the case with the HPV vaccine Gardasil.

Attorneys Representing Individuals Harmed by the HPV Vaccine Gardasil

Wisner Baum is a top-tier law firm litigating Gardasil lawsuits against the HPV vaccine manufacturer, Merck & Co. Among other things, the Gardasil vaccine lawsuits allege:

• Merck failed to disclose important information regarding Gardasil’s safety and effectiveness.
• Merck failed to perform essential “scientific and medical investigations and studies relating to the safety, effectiveness and need for the Gardasil vaccine” as required by FDA regulations.
• Merck misled consumers by preying on their fear of cancer and by “repeatedly stating, representing, urging and implying” that it was necessary for girls and young women to take the Gardasil vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.

The Gardasil Vaccine Controversy | What You Should Know

Gardasil Makes Good Vaccines Look Bad

There is currently a great deal of controversy surrounding vaccines. Our firm wishes to stress that we are not against vaccines. They have the potential to eradicate disease and save millions of lives. We are, however, against intentional efforts to mislead consumers about the safety and effectiveness of a drug or vaccine. We have always fought-- and will continue to fight-- for the rights of consumers to be fully and honestly informed about risks associated with any drug, vaccine, or medical device. We will work tirelessly to ensure those rights are defended and victims of injustice are compensated for their injuries.

The Gardasil litigation is not a question of being pro-vaccine or anti-vaccine. The issue is whether a patient’s consent to treatment is fully informed. Merck & Co. has long maintained that Gardasil is safe. However, aluminum and other added ingredients in Gardasil are capable of causing severe health issues.

We will review here what researchers have discovered about the virus and then discuss how current medical knowledge might inform the decision to be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus.

The HPV Virus

Viruses, unlike bacteria, which are single-celled organisms, have no cellular structure. They are incredibly small (much smaller than bacteria) packets of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA – the genetic material that carries a life form’s operating instructions. The DNA is enclosed in a protein shell. Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. They reproduce by inserting themselves into a cell and taking over the reproductive machinery of the cell.

Scientists have identified over 200 different types of HPV and fully mapped the sequence of biomolecular “letters” – called bases or nucleotides – that make up the DNA of each type. Each type is numbered according to the order in which it was “discovered,” in other words, according to when it was found to have DNA that differed in precisely defined ways from any other HPV virus type.

Approximately 60 HPV types are capable of infecting the mucous membranes that line the genital regions and the anus. From there they spread through direct genital contact.

High-Risk HPV and Low-Risk HPV

HPV viruses are divided into two categories – high-risk and low-risk types. Low-risk types pose little or no risk of causing cervical cancer, but they may cause genital warts and minor changes in cervical cells. HPV types 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, and 81 are considered low-risk. 90% of genital warts are associated with types 6 and 11.

High-risk types are those that have been linked to cervical cancer. HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82 are high-risk. Three other types, 26, 53, 66, have been classified as “probable” high risk types. Two of these high-risk types, 16 and 18, are said to cause about 70% of cervical cases.

Collectively, HPV types 16, 18, 45, 31, and 33 are said to account for approximately 85% of invasive cervical cancer worldwide.

The first Gardasil HPV vaccine, known as the “quadrivalent” Gardasil 4 vaccine (no longer available in the U.S.), purportedly protected against infection from two low-risk types (6 & 11) and two high-risk types (16 & 18). The current Gardasil 9 HPV vaccine purportedly protects against those four types plus 5 other high-risk types – 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58.

How Does HPV Cause Cancer?

The path that leads from HPV infection to cervical cancer is not straightforward. In fact, most of the time, cancer does not develop at all.

The basic steps in the process that sometimes leads to cervical cancer are as follows:

1. Infection with HPV
2. Persistent HPV infection of the mucous membranes
3. Appearance of lesions (abnormal cells that are considered “pre-cancerous”).
4. Lesions progress in seriousness
5. Appearance of non-invasive cervical cancer
6. Invasive cervical cancer

Let’s take a look at these steps.

Gardasil was promoted as an HPV vaccine that prevents cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection. But the human body is remarkably effective at clearing HPV infection all by itself. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “More than 90% of new HPV infections, including those caused by high-risk HPV types, clear or become undetectable within two years, and clearance usually occurs in the first six months after infection.”

There is considerable evidence that methods not involving vaccination could raise the 90% clearance rate even higher. The human immune system is remarkably powerful. Its strength, which varies from person to person, can be enhanced and scientists are already making progress doing just that.

Is Gardasil Necessary to Prevent Cervical Cancer?

The medical evidence suggests that, even without an HPV vaccine like Gardasil, the risk of cervical cancer could be virtually eliminated – at least in developed countries – with regular testing and, if necessary, treatment. In most cases, death from cervical cancer is the result of not having been screened, or going too long between checks.