Zantac Lawsuit

• February 5, 2025: Several Zantac trials are scheduled for 2025, including one upcoming in Illinois against Boehringer Ingelheim. This is a retrial for plaintiffs with prostate cancer who allege Boehringer Ingelheim ignored warning signs for decades that the drugmaker’s OTC Zantac causes cancer. Both cases previously ended in mistrials. 
• December 3, 2024: A new Zantac lawsuit was filed in California recently alleging the heartburn drug caused a woman’s breast cancer. Some research, including this study from Sloan Kettering, has found positive associations between NDMA and breast cancer. 
• November 21, 2024: Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim concluded with a hung jury. Plaintiff John Russell alleged Zantac caused his bladder cancer. While the jury agreed that Zantac was dangerous and the pharmaceutical company failed to provide adequate warnings to consumers about the drug's risks, the jurors were evenly split 6-6 on whether the drug directly caused Mr. Russell's cancer, which means no verdict could be reached. Russell's attorneys, R. Brent Wisner and Jennifer Moore expressed confidence in their case, stating they “stand ready to retry this case immediately,” adding that “Boehringer dodged a bullet today - that won't happen again.”
• November 6, 2024: The jury is deliberating in Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. We should have a verdict soon. 
• October 28, 2024: Wisner Baum and co-counsel rested our case in Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. We anticipate the trial will continue until mid to late November. 
• October 9, 2024: GlaxoSmithKline PLC has announced Zantac settlements totaling up to $2.2 billion to resolve over 90% of the pending U.S. state court product liability cases. The lawsuits claim that a discontinued version of the heartburn drug Zantac caused cancer.
• October 3, 2024: The jury in Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was finalized yesterday. Opening statements begin today.
• October 2, 2024: Jury selection is underway in the first Zantac trial in California State Court. Opening statements in Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to follow.
• September 27, 2024: The trial of Russell v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., will begin with jury selection on Sept. 30, 2024, in Alameda County Superior Court. This case is the first to go to trial in California to allege ranitidine, the active ingredient in Zantac, causes cancer.  
  
  Plaintiff John Wayne Russell alleges Zantac caused his bladder cancer after long-term use. Mr. Russell is represented by Wisner Baum’s managing partner R. Brent Wisner and Jennifer Moore of the Moore Law Group.  
  
  Earlier this week, Judge Noël Wise denied Boehringer Ingelheim’s motion to dismiss Mr. Russell’s claim for punitive damages. This is the first Zantac trial against Boehringer where punitive damages will be at stake.
• September 19, 2024: Wisner Baum and The Moore Law Group have reached a Zantac settlement agreement in more cases scheduled for trial in California state court. The settlement resolves two lawsuits against GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) filed by plaintiffs John Russell and Annette Hughes. Mr. Russell alleged Zantac caused his bladder cancer and Ms. Hughes alleged Zantac caused her colorectal cancer. Their cases were set for a joint Sept. 30, 2024 trial.     
  
  Zantac attorneys at Wisner Baum are still proceeding to trial against Boehringer Ingelheim for both Mr. Russell and Ms. Hughes. These will be the first Zantac trials in California. Jury selection begins on Monday, September 30, 2024, before Judge Noël Wise in Alameda County Superior Court. Opening statements are set for Oct. 7, 2024.      
   
• September 4, 2024: A Connecticut judge refused to dismiss lawsuits filed by Connecticut residents against Zantac makers Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Pfizer, and Sanofi. The defendants had argued that the court didn’t have jurisdiction over the lawsuits claiming that ranitidine causes cancer because the companies were not based in Connecticut.    
  
  But the judge ruled that plaintiffs showed “linkage sufficient to support the exercise of specific jurisdiction over the moving defendants.” The ruling also noted that the state “has an interest in adjudicating a claim that its residents suffered injury as a result of a defective or inadequate drug label.”  
  
  Connecticut may be a viable option for Zantac lawsuits moving forward. 
• August 7, 2024: An Illinois judge declared a mistrial today in a Zantac lawsuit alleging Boehringer Ingelheim’s over-the-counter (OTC) ranitide caused the plaintiff’s prostate cancer. The jury indicated it could not reach a unanimous verdict after deliberating for several days. The parties in the lawsuit are scheduled to return to Cook County's chief judge next week to set a new trial date, and possibly a new trial judge.
• August 5, 2024: GSK announced in a statement that an Illinois jury concluded the drugmaker was not liable for a plaintiff’s colorectal cancer. 
  
  Another pending case in Illinois—a prostate cancer case—culminated in a confidential Zantac settlement agreement at the end of July. 
  
  The Zantac attorneys at Wisner Baum are currently preparing to take a case to trial in California on September 30, 2024. For more information on Zantac trials throughout the country, please visit our Zantac Trial page. 
• July 5, 2024: On Monday, Judge Vivian Medinilla of the Delaware Superior Court denied a request from GSK and other pharmaceutical companies to appeal a decision that permits over 70,000 Zantac cancer lawsuits to proceed in state court. Judge Medinilla’s ruling means Zantac manufacturers—including Pfizer, Sanofi, and Boehringer Ingelheim—must seek permission to appeal directly from the Delaware Supreme Court.  
  
  GSK has already submitted its appeal to the state's highest court. If the Delaware Supreme Court rejects their appeal, the Zantac lawsuits will advance to trial.
• July 2, 2024: Another Zantac lawsuit has culminated in a settlement. The lawsuit was filed in Illinois state court by a man who developed prostate cancer after taking Zantac. The terms of the Zantac settlement are confidential. 
• June 1, 2024: Delaware Zantac lawsuits are moving forward. Last Friday, Judge Medinilla issued an orderthat allows plaintiffs’ expert witnesses to testify at trial that Zantac (ranitidine) causes cancer. More than 72,000 claimants in Delaware Superior Court allege exposure to N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Zantac caused their cancer. Zantac lawsuits further allege the drugmaker defendants knew for decades that Zantac could break down into a carcinogen.     
  
  Wisner Baum’s managing partner, R. Brent Wisner, issued the following statement after Judge Medinilla’s order:  
  
  “This case has always been about getting the science in front of a jury. Judge Medinilla’s thoughtful order highlights something that often gets lost in the modern world of mass torts—the central role juries must play in holding companies accountable. Now, the writing is on the wall. GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sanofi will need to answer for their forty years of misconduct, and they will be judged by the very people they lied to.”   
  
  Read more about the latest news in the Delaware Zantac litigation in our press release. 
• May 20, 2024: Zantac lawyer R. Brent Wisner and co-counsel Jennifer A. Moore are representing Valisure in a whistleblower lawsuit alleging GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) lied to the U.S. government and the FDA about the link between Ranitidine and cancer. The lawsuit alleges that GSK concealed the link between Ranitidine and NDMA for nearly 40 years. Only after Valisure published its testing data on Ranitidine in September 2019 (after first disclosing this information to the U.S. government) did the FDA grant Valisure's citizen petition and request to remove the popular antacid. The FDA issued a market withdrawal for Zantac in 2020.     
  
  The lawsuit seeks damages for False Claims Act violations at the federal and state levels. Plaintiffs seek to recover treble damages, civil penalties, and other recoveries under the FCA and the State False Claims Acts.     
  
  “Valisure conducted the same tests that GSK did in the 1980s,” said Zantac attorney R. Brent Wisner. “The difference—instead of lying to the FDA and burying the results, Valisure turned everything over to the FDA.”    
  
  “GSK has a criminal history of defrauding the federal government—having been fined over $3 billion by the Department of Justice in 2012. This is worse. For forty years, GSK knowingly exposed millions of Americans to a carcinogen without their consent and bilked taxpayers along the way.”    
  
  You can read more about this case in our press release.     
   
• March 1, 2024: As of today, there are over 72,000 Zantac cases consolidated in Delaware state court, which accounts for the majority of Zantac cancer lawsuits in the U.S. With Daubert hearings completed, we are now waiting for the Judge to decide if experts are qualified to opine on issues related to these cases, including any causal connections between Zantac (ranitidine) and the various cancers. This is a crucial test that will largely determine if the court will proceed with claims related to some or all of the various cancers.       
  
  In addition to the Delaware cases, there are now approximately 4,000 Zantac lawsuits consolidated in California state court. The drug maker defendants have settled several individual cases in California ahead of trial.         
  
  Zantac attorneys estimate that there are another 2,000 cases filed in various state courts throughout the country.          
  
  Our legal team is accepting Zantac cases. If you took Zantac and developed cancer, please give us a call today at 855-948-5098to see if you can join the Zantac lawsuit.     
   
• January 19, 2024: A Daubert hearing in the Delaware Zantac litigation will take place on January 22 – 25 before the Hon. Judge Vivian L. Medinilla.           
  
  At a Daubert hearing, legal teams for the plaintiffs and the defense present their experts to educate the court on the science behind both sides of the alleged Zantac cancer connection. The plaintiffs must demonstrate that they have scientific evidence to back their claims that Zantac causes cancer. Judge Medinilla will evaluate whether the methodologies expert witnesses relied on to arrive at their conclusions are backed by sound science. If the judge determines those methodologies are valid, our expert witnesses will be allowed to testify in court and the Zantac cancer cases can proceed to trial.            
  
  The hearing will begin at 9:00 a.m. local time at the Leonard L. Williams Justice Center, 500 North King Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19801.           
   
• January 12, 2024: As we prepare for the first Zantac trial next month, we are in the process of finalizing the schedule(s) for the next round of bellwether trials here in California. We will have more information in the coming weeks. Our firm will also have some news on the Delaware Zantac litigation by the end of January. 
• December 1, 2023: The first Zantac trial is tentatively scheduled to take place in February of 2024 in Alameda County, California. The case, part of the California Zantac JCCP (Ranitidine Product Cases, JCCP No. 5150), will be for a claimant who alleges Zantac caused their bladder cancer. Jennifer Moore of the Moore Law Group will co-lead the trial team with R. Brent Wisner of Wisner Baum. More details to come.           
• October 11, 2023: Wisner Baum and The Moore Law Group have reached Zantac settlement agreements in four more cases scheduled for trial in California state court. The settlements resolve four bellwether lawsuits alleging Zantac causes breast cancer.      
  
  Wisner Baum and The Moore Law Group provided the following statement to the media:      
  
  GlaxoSmithKline (“GSK”), the pharmaceutical company that invented and sold Zantac for decades, has agreed to settle four of the bellwether trials in California state court where the Plaintiffs have asserted claims that their usage of Zantac caused them to develop breast cancer.  The first of the breast cancer bellwether trials was set to begin next month on November 13th in Alameda County, California.  “On behalf of our clients, we are extremely pleased that GSK agreed to resolve the claims of these women,” Jennifer A. Moore and R. Brent Wisner, co-lead of the coordinated state court proceeding in California, and the lawyers for these four women.      
   
• September 1, 2023: The first Zantac trial will be a breast cancer case. The trial is still scheduled for November 13, 2023 in Alameda County, California. While the result of the California trial will not have a binding impact on other Zantac cases pending in other state courts, the case will be closely monitored to see how the jury responds to the plaintiff’s evidence and experts.      
  
  The next Case Management Conference for the consolidated Zantac cases in California will take place on September 19. We anticipate other bellwether trials to be scheduled on that date or soon thereafter.      
  
  This week, attorneys filed a lawsuit in Connecticut alleging plaintiffs were diagnosed with bladder, breast, prostate, and other forms of cancer after taking Zantac and generic ranitidine. There are now six state courts with Zantac cases (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Nevada, and Pennsylvania).     
   
• July 18, 2023: Today’s case management conference (CMC) provided a few updates for the Delaware Zantac litigation. Plaintiffs’ expert reports will be submitted on July 31, 2023. The court will hold hearings on Daubert from January 22-25, 2024. Like the Sargon hearings in the California state court litigation, Daubert hearings allow the legal teams for the plaintiffs and the defendants to present expert witnesses and educate the court on the science underpinning their arguments.      
  
  Once Daubert is completed, the judge will determine whether or not the experts used valid methodologies. If the judge finds that the plaintiffs’ experts used valid methodologies to arrive at their conclusions, then Zantac cases in Delaware state court can proceed to trial. Experts will be allowed to provide evidence and testimony on whether Zantac causes cancer, and whether that propensity for inducing cancer caused a particular Zantac user’s cancer.       
   
• July 3, 2023: The first Zantac trial is scheduled for November 13, 2023 in Superior Court of California, Alameda County. R. Brent Wisner of Wisner Baum and Jennifer Moore of the Moore Law Group will serve as co-lead trial counsel. The plaintiff in the first case will be named in the coming weeks. Check back for further details as the litigation continues.     
   
• June 23, 2023: Jennifer A. Moore, founder of Moore Law Group, PLLC, and R. Brent Wisner, managing partner of Wisner Baum, recently negotiated a Zantac settlement of the first case set to go to trial in the California Ranitidine Products Cases JCCP 5150. On behalf of our client, Mr. James Goetz, who took Zantac and developed bladder cancer, we are pleased that Defendant, GlaxoSmithKline, agreed to settle and finally bring closure to Mr. Goetz.     
   
• June 15, 2023 – We are nearly a month away from the first Zantac cancer trial. Our firm’s managing partner and senior trial attorney R. Brent Wisner will co-lead the case of James Goetz v. GlaxoSmithKline, LLC with attorney Jennifer Moore of the Moore Law Group. The trial will take place in the same court where Wisner and colleagues previously won a $2.055 billion jury verdict in the Roundup cancer litigation.     
   
• May 16, 2023 – The judge overseeing consolidated Zantac cases in Delaware State Court issued an order appointing R. Brent Wisner as co-lead counsel for the plaintiffs. Wisner will be joined by Jennifer Moore (Moore Law Group), Raeann Warner (Jacobs & Crumplar), and Justin Parafinczuk (Parafinczuk Wolf) in the plaintiffs’ leadership, which is responsible for presenting the plaintiffs’ position in all pretrial matters, initiating and coordinating pretrial discovery, and more.      
  
  “The formation of a new venue for these cases creates more opportunity for our clients and other people throughout the country stricken with cancer after taking a drug that we believe is dangerous,” says Wisner. “We look forward to presenting evidence at trial that Zantac causes cancer, and that the defendants have known about the risks for decades.”      
  
  As of this writing, more than 77,000 cases are pending in Delaware, with plaintiffs from every U.S. state represented in the ongoing litigation. Important dates for the Delaware litigation can be found on our Zantac Trial Schedule page.

History of Zantac (Ranitidine)

Drug maker GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) brought Zantac to market in 1983. Due in large part to GSK’s marketing strategy, which emphasized the drug’s purported safety, Zantac became a wildly successful drug, reaching $1 billion in total sales by the end of 1986.

Ten years later, Zantac became available without a prescription, and generic versions of Zantac (ranitidine) became available in 1997. Although sales of brand-name Zantac declined as a result of generic and alternative products, Zantac sales remained strong over decades. As recently as 2018, Zantac was one of the top 10 antacid tablet brands in the country, with sales of Zantac 150 totaling $128.9 million—a 3.1% increase from the previous year.

But since Zantac’s introduction, numerous studies have demonstrated a link between the NDMA in Zantac and certain types of cancer. Mounting evidence also allegedly shows that the defendant drug companies in our lawsuits concealed the Zantac cancer link from millions of people who took the drug for heartburn, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), sour stomach, Barrett’s esophagus, acid reflux, and other issues. This deception came as the companies made unprecedented profits from Zantac.

“We have an epidemic of cancer in our society. For years we have been trying to figure out what’s behind it. Our firm has done a lot of work exposing the causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in our Monsanto Roundup litigation. Now we have another source of cancer – it appears that for decades, Zantac has been causing cancer, and we’re only now just seeing it. People from all across the country have cancer today because they took Zantac. That is a wrong that we will fight to make right.”

– R. Brent Wisner

What is NDMA in Zantac?

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a water-soluble organic (containing the element carbon) chemical and appears as a yellow liquid with little or no obvious taste or odor. NDMA was once used to make rocket fuel, but today is made only for research purposes. It can also be produced as a byproduct of manufacturing processes. Humans can be exposed to NDMA in relatively small amounts through various products, including tobacco, foods (cured meat, fish, cheese, beer), shampoos, cleansers, and pesticides.

NDMA is carcinogenic even in minimal doses. The FDA’s acceptable daily intake of NDMA is 96 nanograms (ng), or 96 billionths of a gram. Studies show that NDMA exposure as little as 179 ng per 100 grams per day is associated with elevated cancer risks.

The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), the most recognized cancer research institution in the world, studied over 200 research papers on NDMA and the NDMA cancer risk. IARC placed the chemical in the “Group 2A” category, meaning substances that are “probably carcinogenic to humans.” The agency found that NDMA is “carcinogenic in all animal species tested” and noted that the metabolism of NDMA by humans and animals is similar.

Is your law firm looking to refer Zantac cases? Please visit our Zantac Case Referral page for more information.

NDMA caused malignant tumor growth in several organs, in multiple species, via numerous routes of exposure (oral, inhalation, subcutaneous (under the skin), injections), with dose-response relationships appearing in several studies. Scientists are also gaining detailed knowledge of the body's biochemical mechanisms to repair NDMA DNA damage and how those mechanisms play a role in the progression towards cancer.

The FDA, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and World Health Organization (WHO) all classify as a substance capable of causing cancer.

Zantac Recall Update

The following companies issued voluntary Zantac recall announcements, citing safety concerns:

• American Health Packaging
• Amneal Pharmaceuticals
• Aurobindo Pharma USA
• Apotex Corp. (this includes over-the-counter ranitidine tablets 75 mg and 150 mg, labeled by Walgreens, Walmart, and Rite-Aid)
• Appco Pharma
• Denton Pharma (dba Northwind Pharmaceuticals)
• Reddy’s Laboratories (this includes Zantac over-the-counter OTC medicines labeled by retailers such as Walgreens, Walmart, CVS, Target, and Kroger)
• GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
• Golden State Medical Supply
• Lannett Company
• Novitium Pharma
• Perrigo Company
• Precision Dose
• Sandoz
• Sanofi

On April 1, 2020, the FDA issued a market withdrawal request of all Zantac (ranitidine) products, effective immediately. The FDA announcement noted that agency studies on Zantac showed “risk to public health.” As such, the agency said ranitidine products “will not be available for new or existing prescriptions or OTC use in the U.S.”

To stay updated on Zantac (ranitidine) recall announcements, we advise you to consult the FDA’s Recalls, Market Withdrawals, & Safety Alerts page. The FDA alerts consumers with the recall reason and lists Zantac recall lot numbers, if applicable.

Did the FDA Issue a Zantac Recall in 2019?

Despite evidence that Zantac can cause cancer, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did not immediately issue a Zantac recall in 2019. The agency warned consumers that testing of the popular heartburn medication Zantac (generic ranitidine) revealed a known cancer-causing chemical, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) at more than 3,000 times the legal daily intake limit.

While the FDA was reluctant to issue a Zantac recall in 2019, retail outlets like Walgreens, Walmart, Rite Aid, CVS and others pulled the popular medication from shelves. Generic drug makers like Sandoz (a division of Novartis), GSK, and Apotex also issued generic Zantac recalls in 2019; and nearly two dozen countries stopped or restricted sales of the popular medication.

The FDA issued a market withdrawal for Zantac in 2020. A market withdrawal is different than a recall. Per the FDA, here is the difference between a recall and a market withdrawal:

Market withdrawal: Involves a minor violation that would not be subject to legal action by the FDA.

Recall: The correction or removal of a marketed product that the FDA considers to be in violation of the laws it administers.

2018 NDMA Recall

In 2018, some companies issued recalls after the discovery of high levels of NDMA in multiple generic forms of the blood pressure drug valsartan. The levels of NDMA in these products, however, paled in comparison to that of Zantac.

The 2018 recalls were reportedly linked to NDMA that formed during manufacturing after active ingredient suppliers in India and China sold components of the medication to generic drug makers. Government officials have not commented on how NDMA ended up in the drugs.

Zantac Lawyers Call for FDA Ranitidine Recall

The Zantac cancer lawyers at Wisner Baum believe the FDA’s decision to issue a market withdrawal for Zantac is a necessary step toward protecting people from a dangerous drug. However, more can and should be done. Our firm has been calling for a Zantac recall since the summer of 2019 because there is no level of NDMA that is safe.

Zantac 360 with Famotidine on the Market Following Ranitidine Recall

In response to the Zantac recall announcements and the FDA’s market withdrawal for ranitidine, Sanofi announced a new Zantac product in 2021 called Zantac 360. Zantac 360 is made with famotidine as the active ingredient instead of ranitidine. With two different active ingredients, Zantac 360 is not the same as the original Zantac.

Many people may recognize famotidine, as it is the same active ingredient used in another popular OTC heartburn drug, Pepcid AC. While both famotidine and ranitidine are in the same class of drugs (H2 blockers), famotidine is considered a safe ranitidine replacement because it does not contain NDMA at high levels.

Does Zantac Cause Cancer?

Yes, Zantac can cause cancer. The ranitidine molecule produces high levels of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) when the drug is used as directed. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) classify NDMA as a cancer-causing chemical. The ranitidine molecule contains both a nitrite and a dimethylamine (DMA) group. These combine to form NDMA.

Numerous studies have found that the NDMA in Zantac causes bladder cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other forms of cancer. Below we highlight some of the most important research on Zantac.

2019 Valisure Study: How Zantac (Ranitidine) Produces NDMA

In 2019, Valisure conducted batch testing for Zantac (ranitidine) using FDA-recommended protocols. Valisure found NDMA levels as high as 3,267,968 ng (nanograms) per Zantac tablet, more than 34,000 times higher than the FDA limit of 96 ng or .096 mcg (micrograms).

Wondering if the increased heat of the testing process may have contributed to these results, Valisure decided to test ranitidine under conditions that simulated those found in the stomach (simulated gastric fluid with sodium nitrite). NDMA levels, while not as high, were still extraordinary, ranging from 23,600 ng to 304,500 ng, over 3,100 times the FDA’s “safe” limit.

“Valisure’s testing reveals NDMA levels so high that the nitroso for NDMA likely comes from no other source than the ranitidine molecule itself.” [Nitroso refers to an atomic grouping of nitrogen and oxygen, such as found in the nitrite group of NDMA.]

— Valisure Citizen Petition on Ranitidine, September 9, 2019

Valisure also points to a third mechanism that could lead to NDMA production after Zantac is ingested – an enzyme, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), that can react with ranitidine to “liberate” DMA from ranitidine, making it available to combine with nitrite from the ranitidine molecule, nitrite circulating in the body, or “other potential pathways particularly in weak acidic conditions such as that in the kidney or bladder.” This mechanism, according to Valisure, could generate millions of nanograms of NDMA throughout the body.

2021 Valisure Study on Zantac (Ranitidine)

The 2021 Valisure Zantac study analyzed NDMA production “under simulated physiologic gastric states.” What does this mean exactly? Researchers conducted the study by mimicking the human stomach ingesting a Zantac tablet across a broad range of pH concentrations, ranitidine concentrations, and nitrite concentrations. The study used FDA-recommended protocols for determining nitrosamines in ranitidine tablets.

The study found that Zantac “may be a significant source of NDMA under a range of physiologically relevant conditions.” Under numerous conditions meant to simulate the human stomach, Zantac NDMA levels increased with increasing nitrite levels and decreasing pH levels up to three orders of magnitude beyond established limits. The authors cautioned, “these data support recent regulatory actions to limit ranitidine availability.”

Study on Zantac Published in Cancers

Cancers published a study on Zantac in December of 2020. Researchers looked at data from the FDA’s Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS), searching adverse event reports of cancer stemming from primary and secondary use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 antagonists, the group of drugs to which Zantac belongs.

The study found elevated incidences of esophageal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer, and stomach cancer, among others. The Cancers study provides “support for the assertion that NDMA contaminated ranitidine is associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancer. This assertion was bolstered by an abundance of evidence demonstrating that NDMA exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer in humans as well as animals.”

This research is similar to data from a 2000 study, which investigated the association between prescription ranitidine use and specific cancers. In the 2000 study, researchers found a statistically significant 2.4-fold increased risk for stomach cancer and esophageal cancer.

Sloan Kettering Study Finds Association Between Ranitidine and Cancer

Researchers from the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center conducted the study, ‘Ranitidine use, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) production and variations in cancer diagnoses’. The study used similar methods to the 2021 Valisure study above.

The Sloan Kettering study analyzed ranitidine NDMA production under various simulated gastric conditions. Researchers also conducted an epidemiologic analysis to evaluate potential associations between ranitidine and several forms of cancer.

According to the authors, Zantac produces increasing amounts of NDMA over time (up to, and likely beyond four hours) and with increasing sodium nitrite concentrations. The study found positive associations for several cancers, including bladder cancer.

Epidemiological Studies of Zantac and Cancer

Very few epidemiological studies of patients taking Zantac have been conducted. In a study conducted by the National Cancer Institute, adult male health professionals with peptic ulcers were followed for 14 years (1986 – 2000). The subjects of the study were asked if they used either Tagamet or Zantac as a treatment. The authors of the study reported that use of either drug was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, though the increase fell short of statistical significance.

Other Zantac Studies

A true Zantac cancer study in humans—where humans are deliberately given Zantac to ingest to observe the results—has not been conducted and never will, as it would be unethical. However, a 1983 study of ranitidine in rodents found that it produced several “genotoxic effects,” including DNA fragmentation in the liver and gastric mucosa (the mucous membrane that lines the stomach). Significantly, studies of Tagamet (cimetidine), another antacid in Zantac’s class (H2 blockers), did not show DNA damage.

Genetic damage is known to be at the root of all cancers. A 2013 meta-analysis of studies that examined the relationship between various acid-suppressing drugs and gastric cancer concluded that that “acid suppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.”

These studies support three important points underlying the danger posed by Zantac:

• NDMA is carcinogenic in humans in exceedingly small amounts.
• Levels of NDMA produced by Zantac are extremely high.
• The problem with Zantac is not an “impurity” in the drug, but rather the design of the drug itself and how that design makes Zantac itself a carcinogen.

NDMA has not been directly tested in humans. The cancer risk is too high. However, we know from years of research that humans are regularly exposed to NDMA via many foods and beverages. This has provided a means of testing NDMA’s carcinogenic potential—and by extension the carcinogenicity of Zantac—in humans indirectly.